Section
I Review Question Answers
Section
II Review Question Answers
Section
III Review Question Answers
Section
IV Review Question Answers
Chapter
3 Review Question Answers
Section I Review Questions
Answers
1. What do Christians believe about Jesus of Nazareth?
Christians believe Jesus is the only begotten Son of God, conceived by the
Holy Spirit, was born of the Virgin Mary, was a storyteller and healer, was
crucified and raised from the dead on the third day, and lives today.
2. Why is Pentecost significant to Christians?
Pentecost is significant to Christians because it is the event when God
made a new covenant with the Christians. It is known as the birthday of the
church.
3. What was the role of Paul in the spread of Christianity?
Paul founded Christian communities in Asia Minor and Greece. He wrote
letters called epistles to the fledgling communities to encourage their new
life in Christ.
4. Explain the significance of the Emperor Constantine in the history of
Christianity.
Constantine legalized Christianity and made it the official religion of the
Roman Empire.
5. Name two important Christian doctrines that were defined at the Church
councils between the fourth and fifth centuries.
Two important Christian doctrines that were defined at the Church councils
between the fourth and fifth centuries were the doctrine of the Trinity and
the doctrine of the two natures of Jesus.
6. Who was Benedict?
Benedict was the founder of Monte Cassino, a monastery in
Italy. He wrote a "rule" for his monks that became a foundation for
monasticism throughout the centuries. Benedict's rule emphasizes a balanced
life of prayer, work, and study.
7. Briefly trace the events that led to the division between the Church in
the east and the Church in the west.
Several things led to the division between the Church in the east and the
Church in the west. Among them are the claim of primacy by the bishop o f
Rome, the crowning of Charlemagne as Emperor in the west, and the missionary
efforts of the east into Slavic lands. In addition, at the Council of Toledo
western bishops added a line ("the Holy Spirit ... who proceeded from the
Father and the Son") to the Nicene Creed without consulting eastern
patriarchs. Not happy with the addition and excluded from the discussion,
eastern patriarchs found the statement heretical.
Known as the filioque ("and the son") controversy, this was the
final straw. In 1054 a mutual excommunication between Rome and Constantinople
took place. Even if that did not seal the split, the destruction of
Constantinople by western Christian Crusaders in 1204 did.
8. What major doctrines and beliefs do most Protestants share?
Most Protestants believe that the Bible is their sole religious and moral
authority, in the justification by faith, and in the priesthood of all.
9. How did Anglicanism begin?
Anglicanism began with the English King Henry VIII claiming to be supreme
head of the Catholic Church in England. Since Catholicism could not accept
this arrangement, the Church of England spawned the Anglican Communion.
10. How did rationalism and empiricism affect Christianity
during the modern period?
Rationalism and empiricism affected Christianity in that there
was an increasing emphasis in the belief that people could determine their own
destiny and had little need for God.
11. What is the ecumenical movement?
The ecumenical movement attempts to bring about understanding
among the various Christian groups.
12. Define fundamentalism, evangelicalism, and pentecostalism.
Fundamentalism is a movement that believes the world has
become too secularized, especially in the area of science, and advocates the
infallibility of the Bible on issues of historical and scientific matters.
Evangelicalism emphasizes a personal faith in Jesus Christ and the Bible as an
individual's sole religious authority. In addition, "witnessing" or
sharing faith with others is important. Pentecostalism is a movement that
emphasizes the "gifts of the Holy Spirit" as recorded in the Acts of
the Apostles. These gifts may include speaking in tongues, healing, holy joy,
and holy tears.
Section II Review
Questions Answers
1. According to the Apostles' Creed, what do Christians believe about God?
Christians believe that God is the Father Almighty, and creator of heaven
and earth.
2. Define Trinity Jesus, sin, and salvation.
Trinity is the belief that there are three persons in one God. Jesus is the
second person of the Trinity, is fully human and fully divine. Sin is an
offense against God. Salvation means that though humans have sinned, God has
redeemed them through Jesus. Those who are baptized and truly follow Jesus and
his way of living are saved. When they die, they will be fully united with
Jesus in heaven.
3. Give examples of two different ways Christians have interpreted the
Great Commandment.
Some Christians believe that to love God they must destroy what they
perceive to be the enemies of God. Others have interpreted loving God as
loving what God created, including imperfect human beings.
4. Define scripture.
Scripture means "writings."
5. What are two ways in which Christians use the Bible in their lives?
Christians use the Bible in public worship and in private devotion and
prayer.
Section III Review
Questions Answers
1. Describe the various church architectures depicted in
the photos on pages 55-56.
Answers will vary.
2. Why are Protestant churches often less formal interiorly
than Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican churches?
Since some Protestant churches often put more emphasis on the
scriptures, there is need for only a pulpit.
3. Name and explain the significance of several sacred
places in the Holy Land.
Bethlehem where Jesus was born, Nazareth, where Jesus grew
up, and the region of Galilee, where Jesus did much of his preaching and
healing, are especially sacred. In addition, Jerusalem and areas surrounding
it are holy spaces. Jesus preached and healed the sick in that locale. Inside
the walls of Jerusalem Jesus was tried as a criminal. Outside the walls of
Jerusalem, Jesus was crucified, died, buried, resurrected, and ascended to
heaven.
Section IV
Review Questions Answers
1. Why did the early Christians change their Sabbath from
Saturday to Sunday?
The early Christians changed their Sabbath from Saturday to
Sunday because Sunday was the day Jesus rose from the dead.
2. How is the Christian calendar different from the civil calendar?
The Christian calendar is different from the civil calendar
in that it begins on the first Sunday of Advent and throughout the year
celebrates the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
3. What are the special events in the Christmas cycle?
The special events in the Christmas cycle are Advent,
Christmas, and Epiphany.
4. What are the special events in the Easter cycle?
The special events in the Easter cycle are Lent, Easter, and
Pentecost.
5. What are two sacraments that most Christians celebrate?
The two sacraments that most Christians celebrate are baptism
and eucharist.
6. Name some of the characteristics of prayer.
Some characteristics of prayer are that it is a two-way
conversation between God and an individual or group, it can be formal or
informal, long or short, verbal or silent. Prayer can involve different
postures, and different gestures can be undertaken at any time.
Chapter 3 Review
Questions Answers
1. Who was Jesus?
For Christians Jesus was the long-a-waited Jewish Messiah
as prophesied in the Hebrew Scriptures, and the Son of God. He was a
storyteller and healer who did most of his ministry in the region of Galilee.
He was brought before trial and crucified on a Roman cross. He rose from the
dead on the third day and lives today in the hearts o f believers.
2. What are epistles?
Epistles are letters found in the New Testament.
3. How was the Christian life different after the Edict of Milan?
After the Edict of Milan Christians were no longer
persecuted. Rather, Christianity was legalized and became the
official religion of the Roman Empire.
4. What did the monastic rule of Benedict emphasize?
The monastic rule of Benedict emphasized prayer, study, and
work.
5. What doctrines were defined at the Council of Nicea and
Council of Ephesus?
At the Council of Nicea the doctrine of the Trinity was
defined. At the Council of Ephesus the doctrine that Mary was the Mother of
God and the mother of the human Jesus was defined.
6. How did the eastern patriarchs regard the bishop of Rome?
The eastern patriarchs regarded the bishop of Rome as one to
be respected because Rome is the place where Peter is buried.
7. Explain how Christian conversion of Germanic tribes often
occurred.
Often when the head of the tribe con the whole tribe did as
well.
8. What was the stated purpose of the Crusades?
The stated purpose of the Crusades was to get back the Holy
Land from the Muslims.
9. What were some of the beliefs stated by Martin Luther in
his ninety-five theses?
Martin Luther believed that church authority should come from
the Bible, not Church tradition or leaders. He believed salvation was by a
person's faith. He also believed in the priesthood of all believers, not just
a few.
10. What is the derivation of the word lent?
The word lent comes from an Old English word meaning
"springtime."
11. How did the Council of Trent respond to the reformers?
The Council of Trent responded to the reformers by
reiterating Catholic doctrine and countering Protestant doctrine. The Council
reiterated papal as well as biblical authority, the need for works as well as
faith, and said there were seven true sacraments, not just two.
12. Why was religion in the modern period diminished?
Religion in the modern period was diminished because of the
increased emphasis in the belie{ that people could determine their own destiny
and had little need for God.
13. What is the ecumenical movement? How is it manifested
today?
The ecumenical movement attempts to bring about
understanding among the various Christian groups. Today it is manifested
through the World Council of Churches which presently has over 300 members
from Orthodox, Anglican, and Protestant denominations. Also, the Second
Vatican Council (1962-65) made major strides in recognizing the validity of
the existence of the various religions in the world.
14. What are some of the ways Christians use the Bible?
Christians use the Bible in both public and private settings. Individuals
may read the Bible as part of their prayer life. The Bible is often used as
part of family devotions or study groups. All Christians use the Bible in
their worship services.
15. Name the Great Commandment that is the foundation of
Christian living.
The Great Commandment is, "You shall love the Lord
your God with all your heart and all your soul and with all your mind. This is
the greatest and the first commandment. The second is like it: You shall love
your neighbor as yourself."
16. Define church.
The word church means, "the assembled."
17. How can the interior design of a church indicate which
denomination worships there?
The interior design of a church is more telling than the
exterior. A church with an altar in the middle and a pulpit on the side would
tend to be Catholic, Anglican, Orthodox, and perhaps Lutheran. If, in
addition, there are statues of Jesus, Mary, and the saints, then
the church is likely to be Catholic. If, instead of statues, there are icons,
it is most likely Orthodox. Protestant churches tend to be simpler in
ornamentation, some with just a pulpit in the center of the sanctuary.
18. What two sacraments are accepted by most Christians?
The two sacraments accepted by most Christians are baptism and
Eucharist.
19. What are some of the ways that Christians pray?
Prayer can be formal or informal, long or short, verbal or silent. Prayer
can involve singing. Different postures and different gestures can be used at
different times for prayer. A person can pray anytime and anywhere.
